Team Resources
Development Reference
Material and Case Studies
Renewable and decentralized energy
Stoves and indoor air pollution
Garbage collection and solid waste management
Other Information and Communication Technology
Note: Readings without hyperlinks are photocopies available by contacting
Mary Ollenburger
Excerpts from Small is Beautiful: Economics as if People Mattered, by E.F. Schumacher PDF
Description
of Schumacher’s “intermediate” technology—what we call appropriate
technology
David French. “The Ten Commandments of Project Planning”, The AT Reader, ed. Marilyn Carr. London: Intermediate Technology Press, 1985. pp 407-412
What to do and what not to do
Power to the People (Peter Hawthorne, Time Magazine) PDF
Describes a few appropriate technologies being used in Africa—some good introductory examples
The WOT-field: A test-site for small scale sustainable energy applications. Working Group on Development Techniques, University of Twente. PDF
Prototypes of several appropriate technologies and descriptions
Appropriate Technology for Grassroots Development: Conference report. Sponsored by The African Development Foundation and The Songhai Environmental Rehabilitation Center
Conference proceedings. Summarizes some West African AT projects
CIA World Factbook: Guatemala HTML
Amnesty International’s Guatemala page: HTML
FAO: The role of women in the conservation of the genetic resources of maize (Guatemala) HTML
Inter-American Development Bank. Indigenous peoples and poverty reduction: A case study of Guatemala PDF
International Fund for Agricultural Development: Republic of Guatemala Country Strategic Opportunities Paper PDF
Wikipedia: Guatemala HTML
CIA World Factbook: Honduras HTML
World Bank Country Pages: Honduras HTML
Wikipedia: Honduras HTML
McDonough, W. and M. Braungart. The NEXT Industrial
Revolution. The Atlantic Monthly 1998 HTML
Good reference on sustainability – see Caltech e-journal passwords from a Caltech-networked computer for access
Kates, R. W. et al. “Environment and Development: Sustainability Science” Science, Vol 292, Issue 5517, p 641-642 , 27 April 2001
Science and sustainability HTML (will only work from a Caltech-networked computer)
Poverty Reduction: Making Markets Work for the Poor (IDE) PDF
IDE’s pro-poor market philosophy explained
What Works: Serving the Poor, Profitably (C.K. Prahalad and Allen Hammond) PDF
Business models for multinationals working at the “bottom of the pyramid”
C. K. Prahalad and Allen Hammond. “Serving the World’s Poor, Profitably.” Harvard Business Review, September 2002.
G. Pascal Zachary. “Poor Idea” The New Republic. March 7 2005.
Critical analysis of Prahalad’s BOP approach PDF
World Business Council for Sustainable Development:
Doing business with the Poor: A field guide PDF
Finding capital for sustainable livelihoods businesses PDF
Resources directed towards corporations that want to work with the poor. Includes case studies
IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre
Cost Recovery: Taking into Account the Poorest and Systems Sustainability PDF
How
to recover costs and still reach the poorest people
Qadir, Iqbal. “Bottom-Up Economics.” Harvard Business Review August 2003 p 18-20
UN Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) Women in Industry Series
Women, Industry and Technology PDF
Women, Industry and Environment PDF
Women, Industry and Entrepreneurship PDF
Ideas on how to improve women’s economic participation, with case studies
Caroline S. Fawcett and Sarah Howden. Gender Issues in Technical Training and Vocational Education Programs (for Inter-American Development Bank) PDF
Julie A. Smith. Solar-Based Rural Electrification and Microenterprise Development in Latin America: A Gender Analysis. National Renewable Energy Laboratory PDF
Outlines the advantages of decentralized energy to achieve international development goals, especially as they relate to women.
United Nations World Water Development Report: Water for People, Water for Life PDF
Water-related development challenges and proposals
UNDP-World Bank Water and Sanitation Program: Making Rural Water Supply Sustainable PDF
The importance of creating demand-responsive water systems—reference for water projects
UNICEF Water, environment and sanitation programme: Index of publications HTML
Water resources
Water, Sanitation and Health, Department of Protection of the Human Environment
World Health Organization: Managing Water in the Home: Accelerated Health Gains from Improved Water Supply PDF
Includes types of water treatment available
Peter Gleick: Dirty Water: Estimated Deaths from
Water-Related Diseases 2000-2020 PDF
Study
of deaths caused by contaminated water and extrapolation
B. Sommer et al. SODIS—an emerging water treatment process PDF
Overview of solar disinfection methods for water treatment
Safe Water Systems for the Developing World: A Handbook for Implementing
Household-Based Water Treatment and Safe Storage Projects. Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention PDF
Focuses
on chlorination treatment but includes overviews of other technologies
Mintz E, Bartram J, Lochery P, Wegelin M. Not Just a Drop in
the Bucket: Expanding Access to Point-of-Use Water Treatment Systems. American
Journal of Public
Health. October 1, 2001; 91 (10) PDF
Renewable and decentralized energy:
Ray Holland, Lahiru Perera, Teodoro Sanchez, Dr Rona Wilkinson. Decentralized Rural Electrification: The Experience of ITDG. PDF
P. Vanderhulst, H. Lanser, P.
Bergmeyer, F. Foeth, R. Albers. Solar Energy: Small scale applications in
developing countries PDF
Seeing the Light: Adapting to climate change with decentralized renewable energy in developing countries. International Institute for Sustainable Development PDF
Powering Poverty Reduction. Intermediate Technology Development Group. PDF
Julie A. Smith. Solar-Based Rural Electrification and Microenterprise Development in Latin America: A Gender Analysis. National Renewable Energy Laboratory PDF
Outlines the advantages of decentralized energy to achieve international development goals, especially as they relate to women.
ITDG. Power to the People: Sustainable energy solutions for the world’s poor PDF
Description of decentralized energy’s contribution towards the Millennium Development Goals
Elizabeth Richards et al. Photovoltaics in Mexico: A Model for Increasing the Use of Renewable Energy Systems PDF
Peter J. Balint. Bringing solar home systems to rural El Salvador: lessons for small NGOs. Energy Policy, June 2004. PDF
Miller, Damian and Chris Hope. Learning to lend for off-grid solar power: policy lessons from World Bank loans to India, Indonesia, and Sri Lanka. Energy Policy 28 (2000) 87-105
Goldemberg, J., T.B. Johansson, A.K.N. Reddy and R. H. Williams. Basic Needs and Much More With One Kilowatt Per Capita. Ambio Vol. 14 No. 4-5
Stoves and indoor air pollution
Smoke—the Killer in the Kitchen: Indoor Air Pollution in Developing Countries (ITDG) PDF
Problems of indoor air pollution and technological solutions
Boiling Point. Intermediate Technology Development Group. HTML
Journal on stoves and household energy
WELL. What’s Cooking? A review of the health impacts of indoor air pollution and technical interventions for its reduction PDF
Jonathan Rouse. Improved Biomass Cookstove Programmes: Fundamental Criteria for Success. The Centre for the Comparative Study of Culture, Development & the Environment, The University of Sussex. PDF
Ferdinand Kroon. Solar cookers in developing countries. PDF
ITDG Technical Information Service: Papermaking PDF
International Paper virtual papermaking tour HTML
Hand Papermaking Articles for BeginnersHTML
Tools for Paper HTML
see their article on Hollander beaters PDF
Garbage collection and solid waste
management
Martin Medina: Scavenger Cooperatives in Asia and Latin America PDF
Sandra Cointreau. Declaration of Principles for Sustainable and Integrated Solid Waste Management. World Bank PDF
David Pearce and R. Kerry Turner. Economics and Solid Waste
Management in the Developing World. CSERGE Working Paper WM 94-05 PDF
ITDG Technical Information Service: Recycling Organic Waste PDF
ITDG Technical Information Service: Recycling Plastics PDF
Cashew Apple information HTML
Maputaland Cashew Apple Enterprises (MCAE) Project Development Site HTML (Contact Mary Ollenburger for logon)
Winrock International and Florida International University Honduras Farmer-to-Farmer Program funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development Request for Technical Assistance--Processing of Cashew Apples
Theo Schilderman. Building Bridges with the Grassroots: Scaling up through knowledge sharing. ITDG PDF
Information poverty in slums and participatory development projects
George McRobie. Services for the Urban Poor: A People-centred Approach PDF
How to design participatory programs to provide services to slum dwellers
Community-Based Technologies for Domestic Wastewater
Treatment and Reuse: Options for urban agriculture. The International
Development Research Centre. PDF
Wastewater
treatment and reuse in urban environments
“The brown revolution” The Economist May 9, 2002 HTML
Information
on urbanization – see Caltech e-journal passwords
from a Caltech-networked computer for access
UN: The Millennium Development Goals Report 2005 PDF
Report on progress at achieving the MDGs
Bernard Amadei. Program in Engineering for Developing Communities: Viewing the Developing World as the Classroom of the 21st Century. 33rd ASEE/IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference, 2003.
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
The State of Food and Agriculture 2003-2004 (esp part 2) PDF
Stats about agriculture, malnutrition, etc.—reference for Agricultural projects
Inheriting the World: The Atlas of Children’s Health and the Environment (World Health Organization) PDF
Statistics and information about health risks for children—good reference for health-related projects
Tom Dahl-Østergaard, David Moore, Vanessa Ramirez, Mark Wenner, Ane Bonde
Community-Driven Rural Development: What Have We Learned? Inter-American Development Bank. PDF
A Path out of Poverty: Developing rural and women entrepreneurship. United Nations Industrial Development Organization. PDF
Parsons, Laura Brigitte. “Engineering in Context: Engineering in Developing Countries” Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice October 1996 PDF
Decent description of the realities of doing engineering in developing countries
Björn-Sören Gigler. Including the Excluded- Can ICTs empower poor communities? Towards an alternative evaluation framework based on the capability approach PDF
Paul Starkey, Simon Ellis, John Hine, Anna Ternell. World Bank Technical Paper: Improving Rural Mobility: Options for Developing Motorized and Nonmotorized Transport in Rural Areas PDF
Gorter, A.C. et al. “Hygiene behavior in rural Nicaragua in relation to diarrhoea” International Journal of Epidemiology 1998 PDF
Study of the effects of hygiene on the likelihood of contracting diarrhea—good health/sanitation project reference
(starred books are on reserve in Sherman Fairchild Library)
*Field Guide to Appropriate Technology, edited by Barrett Hazeltine and Christopher Bull, 2003
Descriptions of appropriate technologies, reports from the field
Mastering the Machine Revisited, by Ian Smillie, 2000
Very good: how appropriate technology fits into the larger picture of aid and development, and what it has accomplished in the fight against poverty. (I have a copy I would be willing to loan out –mo)
*How to Change the World: Social Entrepreneurs and the Power of New Ideas, by David Bornstein, 2004
Cases of Ashoka fellows and what they’re doing. An interesting read
*Small is Beautiful: Economics as if People Mattered, by E.F. Schumacher, 1973
An interesting take on economics by the man who invented appropriate technology
*The AT Reader: Theory and Practice in Appropriate Technology, by Marilyn Carr, 1985
Essays, exerpts and cases of Appropriate Technology. Only a little bit out of date.
Other Information and Communication Technology
Distributed Solar Energy in Brazil: Fabio Rosa’s Approach to Social Entrepreneurship
World Business Council for
Sustainable Development and UNC Kenen-Flagler Business School PDF
Short version: PDF
See also the chapter “The Light in my Head Went On” in How to Change the World: Social Entrepreneurs and the Power of New Ideas, by David Bornstein
Electricité de France (EDF), Tenesol, Total Electrifying rural Moroccan households. World Business Council for Sustainable Development PDF
The Zimbabwe Experience: Lessons from a
review of 15 years of the Zimbabwe Integrated Rural Water Supply and Sanitation
Programme. The World Bank Water and Sanitation Program PDF
Livelihoods in conflict: disputes over water for household-level productive uses in Tarata, Bolivia. IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre PDF
Multiple sources for multiple uses: Household case studies of water use around
Cochabamba, Bolivia IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre PDF
Participatory Monitoring of Sanitation: The Case of Wotawati Hamlet, Pucung—Indonesia IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre PDF
One Step Closer to Sustainable Sanitation: The Experiences of an Eco-Sanitation
Project in Malawi. WaterAid. PDF
How IDE Installed 1.3 Million Treadle Pumps in Bangladesh by Activating the Private Sector: The Practical Steps. International Development Enterprises PDF
Paul Polak. The Design Process for the IDE Low Cost Drip Irrigation System. International Development Enterprises PDF
Procter & Gamble – Providing Safe Drinking Water World Business Council for Sustainable Development PDF
Lessons Learned from NGO Experiences in the Water and Sanitation Sector Water and Environmental Health at London and Loughborough (esp Ch 3) PDF
Quick RE, Kimura A, Thevos A, Tembo M, Shamputa I, Hutwagner
L, and Mintz E. Diarrhea Prevention through Household-Level Water Disinfection
and Safe Storage in Zambia. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PDF
Caroline Pinder. “Appropriate Technologies for Enterprise Creation—ApproTEC—KENYA” Enterprise Development Impact Assessment Information Service, DFID. PDF
Additional documents:
Pedal pump impact assessment PDF and sample analysis Excel
Zero
age survey PDF and
sample analysis Excel
Tamsyn Barton. “Integrated water supply project, Zimbabwe” Technology for Sustainable Livelihoods. ITDG. HTML
Monique Maddy. “Dream Deferred: The Story of a High-Tech
Entrepreneur in a Low-Tech World” Harvard Business Review, May-June 2000
Pitroda, Sam. “Democracy, Development, and the Village Telephone.” Harvard Business Review Nov-Dec 1993
Grameen Telecom’s Village Phones World Resources Institute: What Works Case Studies PDF
Vodacom’s Community Services Phone Shops World Resources Institute: What Works Case Studies PDF
Other Information and Communication
Technology:
Prodem FFP’s Multilingual Smart ATMs for Microfinance, World
Resources Institute: What Works Case Studies PDF
Dunn, Peter and Keith Yamashita. “Microcapitalism and the Megacorporation.” Harvard Business Review, August 2003
Hewlett-Packard’s community Internet projects in India
Batchelor, SJ, P Norrish, N Scott, M Webb. Sustainable ICT [Information and Communications Technology] Case Histories. Department for International Development. Jan 2003 PDF
Batchelor, S & Sugden, S. An Analysis of InfoDEV Case Studies: Lessons Learned. The Information for Development Program. Oct 2003. PDF
Smail Khennas. “Stoves for Rural Livelihoods.” Technology for Sustainable Livelihoods. ITDG. HTML
Grameen Bank: Taking Capitalism to
the Poor. Columbia Business School PDF
Microfinance
Appropriate Technology and Sustainable Development: A Research Study in El Salvador. International Center for Research on Women and The Centre for Development and Population Activities PDF
Improved stoves project in El Salvador
Cemex and Patrimonio Hoy. Stanford Social Investment Review PDF
Program to help poor Mexicans pay for homebuilding and home improvement
Daniels N, Simons L, Rodrigues A, Gunnlaugsson G, Forester T, Wells J, Hutwagner L, Tauxe R, Mintz E. First do no harm: making oral rehydration solution (ORS) safer in a cholera epidemic. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 1999; 60:1051-5.
“The New Heroes” PBS series:
• Nick Moon and Martin Fisher—ApproTEC/Kickstart (Kenya, Mali, San Francisco)
• Fabio Rosa (Ashoka Fellow) – Rural Electrification in Brazil
• Albina Ruiz – Garbage collection in Lima, Peru
• Maria Teresa Leal -- Coopa-Roca sewing coop, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
• Muhammad Yanus – GrameenBank
• Series website: HTML