Math 194c
 
Combinatorial Number Theory
Spring 2006
 
WF 3:00 - 4:30 PM, 123 Lauritsen

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Instructor: Peter Keevash, 280 Sloan, 395-4369, keevash@caltech.edu

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Course Description
 

In recent years, there has been much progress in understanding the combinatorial structures arising from arithmetic operations, using techniques from many branches of mathematics, including probability, Fourier analysis, and ergodic theory. Highlights are proofs of Freiman's structure theorem and Szemeredi's theorem on arithmetic progressions that are considerably shorter and easier to understand than the originals. In this class we will work through some of the current research in this field, culminating with the recent result of Green and Tao showing that the primes contain arbitrarily long arithmetic progressions.


Policies
 

Grades will be calculated according to the following scheme:

50%: A presentation in class by the student.

I will suggest some potential topics. If there is something you are particularly interested in presenting, then that will be even better.

25%:  Participation in class.

"The mind is not a vessel to be filled but a fire to be kindled." (Plutarch)

25%:  Final examination.

I'll assemble a list of problems at some point for you to think about during the term. The final examination will be oral: I'll make appointments for students to come and tell me their solutions or partial progress on the questions set.


Source materials
 

There is no textbook currently available on the material for this course, but there are many well-written sets of lecture notes and research papers that should provide ample material for us to work with.

Lecture notes

Terence Tao: Some highlights of arithmetic combinatorics
Ben Green: Additive Combinatorics
Van Vu: Combinatorial Number Theory

Papers

Green and Tao:  The primes contain arbitrarily long arithmetic progressions
Tim Gowers, see A new proof of Szemerédi's theorem and
                           Quasirandomness, Counting and Regularity for 3-Uniform Hypergraphs
Tao: A variant of the hypergraph removal lemma
Tao: A quantitative ergodic theory proof of Szemerédi's theorem
Green: Finite field models in additive combinatorics

Tentative course plan

1. Freiman's Theorem (following notes by Ben Green)
2. Hales-Jewett and Van der Waerden theorems
3. Roth's Theorem (i) by regularity (ii) by Fourier analysis
4. Szemerédi's theorem for progressions of length 4, ideas for general case
5. Arithmetic progressions of primes (probably omitting many details)