\contentsline {section}{\numberline {0.1}Preface}{2}{section.0.1}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {0.2}BEYOND EINSTEIN: From the Big Bang to Black Holes}{3}{section.0.2}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {1}Beyond Einstein: Executive Summary}{10}{chapter.1}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.1}Executive Summary: Beyond Einstein Science}{11}{section.1.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.1.1}What powered the Big Bang?}{11}{subsection.1.1.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.1.2}What happens to space, time and matter at the edge of a black hole?}{11}{subsection.1.1.2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.1.3}What is the mysterious dark energy pulling the universe apart?}{12}{subsection.1.1.3}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.1.4}Einstein's Vision}{13}{subsection.1.1.4}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.2}Executive Summary: Beyond Einstein Missions}{13}{section.1.2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.2.1}Einstein Great Observatories}{14}{subsection.1.2.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.2.2}Einstein Probes}{14}{subsection.1.2.2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.2.3}Vision Missions}{15}{subsection.1.2.3}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.2.4}Technology}{16}{subsection.1.2.4}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.2.5}Research and Analysis}{16}{subsection.1.2.5}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.2.6}Education and Public Outreach}{16}{subsection.1.2.6}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {2}Beyond Einstein: Scientific Goals and Missions}{18}{chapter.2}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.1}Beyond Einstein: The Science}{19}{section.2.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.1.1}The Beginning of Time}{19}{subsection.2.1.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.1.2}Edges of Spacetime and Black Hole Horizons}{21}{subsection.2.1.2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.1.3}Cosmic Cacophony: Gravitational Waves}{24}{subsection.2.1.3}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.1.4}Dark Energy and the Accelerating Universe}{25}{subsection.2.1.4}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.2}Beyond Einstein: The Program}{29}{section.2.2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.1}The Einstein Great Observatories}{30}{subsection.2.2.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.2}The Einstein Probes}{31}{subsection.2.2.2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.3}Advanced Technology and Theory}{31}{subsection.2.2.3}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.4}An Integrated Program}{32}{subsection.2.2.4}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.3}Beyond Einstein: The Missions}{33}{section.2.3}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.3.1}Constellation X}{34}{subsection.2.3.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.3.2}LISA: the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna}{36}{subsection.2.3.2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.3.3}Dark Energy Probe}{39}{subsection.2.3.3}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.3.4}Inflation Probe}{41}{subsection.2.3.4}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.3.5}Black Hole Finder}{42}{subsection.2.3.5}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.3.6}Vision: A Big Bang Observatory}{44}{subsection.2.3.6}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.3.7}Vision: A Black Hole Imager}{46}{subsection.2.3.7}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {3}Beyond Einstein: Technology Roadmap}{47}{chapter.3}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.1}Technology Roadmap: Beyond Einstein}{48}{section.3.1}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.2}Einstein Great Observatory Technologies}{48}{section.3.2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.1}Constellation-X}{48}{subsection.3.2.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.2}LISA}{49}{subsection.3.2.2}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.3}Technology Development for the Einstein Probes}{51}{section.3.3}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.3.1}Dark Energy Probe}{51}{subsection.3.3.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.3.2}Inflation Probe}{52}{subsection.3.3.2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.3.3}Black Hole Finder Probe}{52}{subsection.3.3.3}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.4}Beyond Einstein Vision Mission Technologies}{52}{section.3.4}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.4.1}Big Bang Observatory}{53}{subsection.3.4.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.4.2}Black Hole Imager}{53}{subsection.3.4.2}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {4}Beyond Einstein: Research and Analysis}{55}{chapter.4}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.0.3}Theory}{56}{subsection.4.0.3}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.0.4}Ground-Based R \& A}{56}{subsection.4.0.4}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {5}Education and Public Outreach}{58}{chapter.5}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.1}Education, Outreach and the Public Mandate}{59}{section.5.1}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {6}Science Objectives: Cycles of Matter and Energy}{63}{chapter.6}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {7}Technology Roadmap: Cycles of Matter and Energy}{65}{chapter.7}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.1}Large, Lightweight Optics}{66}{section.7.1}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.2}Detectors}{67}{section.7.2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.2.1}Radio Interferometry}{67}{subsection.7.2.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.2.2}Submillimeter/Far Infrared:}{67}{subsection.7.2.2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.2.3}Near Infrared/Optical:}{67}{subsection.7.2.3}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.2.4}Ultraviolet:}{68}{subsection.7.2.4}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.2.5}X-Ray:}{68}{subsection.7.2.5}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.2.6}Gamma-Ray:}{68}{subsection.7.2.6}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.2.7}Cosmic Rays:}{68}{subsection.7.2.7}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.3}Spacecraft systems}{68}{section.7.3}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {8}The Explorer Program}{71}{chapter.8}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8.1}The Explorer Program}{72}{section.8.1}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {9}Research and Analysis}{73}{chapter.9}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {9.1}Research and Analysis}{74}{section.9.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {9.1.1}Experimental Research: Creating the Tools of Investigation}{74}{subsection.9.1.1}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Hardware Development}{74}{section*.6}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Suborbital Program}{75}{section*.7}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Laboratory Astrophysics}{76}{section*.8}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {9.1.2}Theory, Observations, and Data Analysis: Reaping the Benefits of Investment}{77}{subsection.9.1.2}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Theory}{77}{section*.9}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Ground-based Observations}{77}{section*.10}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Archival Research}{78}{section*.11}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {10}Critical Factors}{79}{chapter.10}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {10.1}Critical factors/External Assessment/GPRA}{80}{section.10.1}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {11}Last Word}{82}{chapter.11}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {11.1}Last Word: SCIENCE BEYOND EINSTEIN}{83}{section.11.1}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {A}Appendices}{84}{appendix.A}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {A.1}Acronyms, Glossary}{84}{section.A.1}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {A.2}Contributors to the Roadmap:}{85}{section.A.2}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {A.3}Index?}{87}{section.A.3}